Class 9 · History
Early Humans and Beginning of Civilisation
Excavate layers of evidence, follow changing ways of life and compare the river worlds where early cities, records and institutions took shape.
Central questionHow can incomplete evidence explain how humans adapted, communicated and built connected civilisations?
Four big questions
- How did humans live before civilisation?
- How did people communicate before widespread writing?
- How does archaeology reconstruct an incomplete past?
- How did early civilisations develop and interact?
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1. Reading a Past Without Writing
Distinguish material and written evidence, then explain what archaeology can and cannot establish.
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